Suffix Pronominal¶
Висновок¶
Pronominal suffixes refer to a person(s) or thing(s) and can be attached to nouns, verbs, prepositions, participles, infinitives, even some particles. A pronominal suffix nearly always functions as either a personal pronoun (for example, «I» or «me» in English) or a possessive pronoun (for example, «my» or «mine» in English).
Визначення¶
A pronominal suffix refers to a person(s) or a thing(s) and can change form according to gender (чоловічий or жіночий), number (однина or множина), and person (first, second, or third person). These various suffixes look quite similar to their corresponding personal pronouns. Only nouns in the construct state can take a pronominal suffix.
Примітка
In Biblical Hebrew, a noun always becomes definite when a pronominal suffix is attached to it.
Форма¶
Paradigm¶
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
common однина перша особа |
סוּסִי |
susi |
my horse |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
סוּסְךָ |
suskha |
your horse |
жіночий однина друга особа |
סוּסֵךְ |
susekh |
your horse |
чоловічий однина третя особа |
סוּסוֹ / סוּסֹה / סוּסֵהוּ |
suso / susoh / susehu |
his horse |
жіночий однина третя особа |
סוּסהָ / סוּסָהּ |
susha / susah |
her horse |
common множина перша особа |
סוּסֵנוּ |
susenu |
our horse |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
סוּסְכֶם |
susekhem |
your horse |
жіночий множина друга особа |
סוּסְכֶן |
susekhen |
your horse |
чоловічий множина третя особа |
סוּסְהֶם / סוּסָם |
susehem / susam |
their horse |
жіночий множина третя особа |
סוּסְהֶן / סוּסָן |
susehen / susan |
their horse |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
common однина перша особа |
סוּסַי |
susay |
my horses |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
סוּסֶיךָ |
susekha |
your horses |
жіночий однина друга особа |
סוּסַיִךְ |
susayikh |
your horses |
чоловічий однина третя особа |
סוּסָיו |
susayw |
his horses |
жіночий однина третя особа |
סוּסֶיהָ |
suseyha |
her horses |
common множина перша особа |
סוּסֵינוּ |
susenu |
our horses |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
סוּסֵיכֶם |
susekhem |
your horses |
жіночий множина друга особа |
סוּסֵיכֶן |
susekhen |
your horses |
чоловічий множина третя особа |
סוּסֵיהֶם |
susehem |
their horses |
жіночий множина третя особа |
סוּסֵיהֶן |
susehen |
their horses |
Function¶
Attached to a noun¶
When attached to a noun, a pronominal suffix functions as a personal pronoun in a construct relationship with the noun to which it is attached. Very often, the pronoun functions as a possessive attributive adjective indentifying the person(s) or thing(s) in possession of that noun.
וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ |
wayyaqom wayyelekh „el-betho „el-„iro |
And-he-stood-up and-went to_his-house to_his-city |
He went home to his own city |
בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י |
beni „avshalowm beni veni |
My-son Absalom my-son my-son |
My son Absalom, my son, my son! |
וְ֠עַתָּה בְּֽנֹותֵיכֶ֞ם אַל־תִּתְּנ֣וּ לִבְנֵיהֶ֗ם וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֔ם |
we’attah benowthekhem „al-tittenu livnehem uvenothehem „al-tis’u livnekhem |
And-now your-daughters not_give to-their-sons and-their-daughters not_take for-your-sons |
So now, do not give your daughters to their sons; do not take their daughters for your sons |
Attached to a finite verb¶
A pronominal suffix can be attached to any finite verb conjugation to indicate the direct object of the verb. In these cases, the pronominal suffix always functions as a personal pronoun.
וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֨הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃ |
wayyishlahehu me’emeq hevrown wayyavo shekhemah |
and-he-sent-him from-Valley-of Hebron and-he-came-in Shechem. |
|
וְאִֽם־תִּדְרְשֻׁ֨הוּ֙ יִמָּצֵ֣א לָכֶ֔ם |
we’im-tidreshuhu yimmatse lakhem |
And-if_you-seek-him he-will-be-found by-you |
If you seek him, he will be found by you |
זָרִ֖ים יִבְלָעֻֽהוּ׃ |
zarim yivla’uhu |
strangers will-swallow-him |
foreigners will devour it |
Attached to a preposition¶
Similar to verbs, a pronominal suffix attached to a preposition is always the object of that preposition, functioning as a personal pronoun.
בְּ¶
וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א בְךָ֖ מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃ |
wera’ah lo-thimmatse vekha miyyameykha |
and-evil not_will-be-found in-you from-your-days |
and evil will not be found in you so long as you live. |
הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו |
hatha’amin bow |
Do-you-believe in-him |
Will you depend on him? |
כְּ¶
אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃ |
„asher tsiwwah yehwah „otham levilti „asowth kahem |
|
those that Йагве had commanded them not to do like them. |
וְאֶ֥פֶס כָּמֹֽונִי׃ |
we’efes kamowni |
and no-one like-me |
and there is no one like me. |
לְ and אֶל¶
כִּי־לִ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
ki-li kol-ha’arets |
for_to-me all_the-earth |
for all the earth is mine. |
וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו |
we’amarta „elayw |
and-say to-him |
and say to him |
וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו |
wattomer „elayw |
And-she-said to-him |
She said to him |
עַל¶
אָשִׂ֤ימָה עָלַי֙ מֶ֔לֶךְ |
„asimah „alay melekh |
I-will-set over-me king |
I will set a king over myself |
יָשִׂ֥ישׂ עָלַ֖יִךְ אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ |
yasis „alayikh „elohayikh |
he-will-rejoice over-you your-God. |
your God will rejoice over you. |
אַחַר¶
אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֹותְר֤וּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ |
„asher nowthru „aharehem ba’arets |
who were-left after-them in-the-land |
who were left after them in the land |
וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב |
weshillahti „aharehem „eth-haherev |
and-I-will-send-out after-them [dir.obj]_the-sword |
I will send out a sword after them |
תַּחַת¶
וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ בַּרְזֶֽל׃ |
weha’arets „asher-tahteykha barzel |
and-the-earth which_under-you will-be-iron. |
and the earth that is under you will be iron. |
יַדְבֵּ֣ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתֵּ֑ינוּ |
yadber „ammim tahtenu |
He-will-drive-back peoples beneath-us |
He subdues peoples under us |
עַד¶
הַאֲזִ֥ינָה עָדַ֖י בְּנֹ֥ו צִפֹּֽר׃ |
ha’azinah „aday benow tsippor |
Listen unto-me son-of Zippor. |
Listen to me, you son of Zippor. |
וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י |
welo-shavtem „aday |
And-not you-have-returned unto-me |
Yet you have not returned to me |
מִן¶
וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
welo hasakhta „eth-binkha „eth-yehidekha mimmenni |
|
you have not withheld your son, your only son, from me. |
כִּֽי־מִמְּךָ֣ הַכֹּ֔ל |
ki-mimmekha hakkol |
for_from-you the-all |
all things come from you |
עִם¶
וַתִּ֣רֶץ עִמֹּ֑ו |
wattirets „immow |
and-you-are-pleased with-him |
you agree with him |
כָּל־קְדֹשִׁ֖ים עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
kol-qedoshim „immakh |
all_holy-ones with-him |
all the holy ones will be with him |
אֵת¶
When the preposition אֵת takes a pronominal suffix, it can be distinguished from the direct object marker. The preposition will take a hireq vowel with a daghesh in the taw consonant (see examples below).
שְׂפָתֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ |
sefathenu „ittanu |
our-lips with-us. |
our lips speak and they make us prevail. |
לְכָ֪ה אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ |
lekhah „ittanu |
walk with-us |
come with us |
Attached to a participle¶
When attached to a participle, the pronominal suffix can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive adjective, or as a noun in construct relationship with the particle.
Attached to an infinitive construct¶
as object of the infinitive¶
When attached to an infinitive construct, the pronominal suffix can function as the object of the verbal action.
EXAMPLE
as subject of the infinitive¶
When attached to an infinitive construct, the pronominal suffix can function as the subject of the verbal action described by the infinitive. In these cases, often the object of the infinitive (with the direct object marker) will appear immediately following the infinitive.
EXAMPLE
as possessive adjective describing the infinitive¶
EXAMPLE
Attached to a particle¶
SENTENCE/PARAGRAPH
the direct object marker (אֵת)¶
When the direct object marker takes a pronominal suffix, it can be distinguished from the preposition אֵת. The direct object marker will take a holem vowel without a daghesh in the taw consonant (see examples below).
וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֹתָֽנוּ׃ |
wa’avadtem „othanu |
and-you-will-serve [dir.obj]-us. |
then you will serve us. |
וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֹותִ֔י |
we’attem „azavtem „owthi |
And-you have-left [dir.obj]-me |
Yet you abandoned me |
the particle הִנֵּה¶
When attached to the demonstrative particle הִנֵּה, a pronominal suffix can function as either the object of the particle or the subject of a verbal participle that immediately follows the particle.
as object of the particle¶
In these cases, the pronominal suffix functions as the object of the verbal action expressed by the demonstrative particle.
אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי אֶל־גֹּ֖וי לֹֽא־קֹרָ֥א |
בִשְׁמִֽי׃ |
„amartiy hinneni hinneni „el-gowy lo-qora vishmi |
I-said look-me look-me to_nation not_called by-my-name. |
I said «»Here I am! Here I am!»» to a nation that did not call on my name. |
as subject of a participle¶
Sometimes, a pronominal suffix attached to the particle הִנֵּה functions as the subject of a participle that immediately follows the particle.