Verb Imperative¶
Висновок¶
An imperative verb is used to express direct commands, instructions, and other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by the context.
Визначення¶
In Biblical Hebrew, the Imperative form is used to express positive commands or instructions directed to another person(s). Thus, Imperative verbs always appear only in the друга особа. (Similarly, Cohortative verbs appear only in the перша особа, and Jussive verbs usually appear in the третя особа.) Imperative verbs can express actions with varying degrees of desirability, including instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc. The context must determine the nuanced meaning of each instance of an Imperative verb.
Biblical Hebrew does not use the Imperative form to express negative commands. Rather, prohibitions are expressed either with the Imperfect (with לֹא) or with a Jussive verb in the 2nd person (with אַל). Occasionally, the Imperative form will appear with a paragogic ה suffix; in these cases, the meaning of the ה suffix is unknown but probably functions to strengthen the force of the verb in some way.
Форма¶
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина |
כְּבַד |
kevad |
you must be heavy |
жіночий однина |
כִּבְדִי |
kivdi |
you must be heavy |
чоловічий множина |
כִּבְדוּ |
kivdu |
you must be heavy |
жіночий множина |
כְּבַדְנָה |
kevadnah |
you must be heavy |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина |
הִקָּטֵל |
hiqqatel |
you must be killed |
жіночий однина |
הִקָּטְלִי |
hiqqatli |
you must be killed |
чоловічий множина |
הִקָּטְלוּ |
hiqqatlu |
you must be killed |
жіночий множина |
הִקָּטַלְנָה |
hiqqatalnah |
you must be killed |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина |
הַקְטֵל |
haqtel |
you must cause to kill |
жіночий однина |
הַקְטִילִי |
haqtili |
you must cause to kill |
чоловічий множина |
הַקְטִילוּ |
haqtilu |
you must cause to kill |
жіночий множина |
הַקְטֵלְנָה |
haqtelenah |
you must cause to kill |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина |
קַטֵּל |
qattel |
you must slaughter |
жіночий однина |
קַטְּלִי |
qatteli |
you must slaughter |
чоловічий множина |
קַטְּלוּ |
qattelu |
you must slaughter |
жіночий множина |
קַטֵּלְנָה |
qattelnah |
you must slaughter |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина |
הִתְקַטֵּל |
hitqattel |
he must kill himself |
жіночий однина |
הִתְקַטְּלִי |
hitqatteli |
she must kill herself |
чоловічий множина |
הִתְקַטְּלוּ |
hitqattelu |
they must kill themselves |
жіночий множина |
הִתְקַטֵּלְנָה |
hitqattelnah |
they must kill themselves |
Функція¶
The Imperative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions:
Direct commands or instructions¶
קַ֣ח בְּיָדְךָ֞ אֲבָנִ֣ים גְּדֹל֗וֹת |
qah beyodkha „avanim gedoloth |
Take in-your-hand stones large |
Take some large stones in your hand |
ק֥וּמִי א֖וֹרִי כִּ֣י בָ֣א אוֹרֵ֑ךְ |
|
qumiy „oriy kiy ba“ „orekh |
|
Arise shine for it-has-come your-light |
|
**Arise |
shine;** for your light has come |
ק֠וּם לֵ֧ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֛ה |
|
qum lekh „el-niyneveh |
|
Rise go to_Nineveh |
|
Get up |
go to Nineveh |
Дії більшої чи меншої бажаності¶
אִמְרִי־נָ֖א אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ |
„imri-na „ahothi „at |
Say_oh my-sister you |
Say that you are my sister |
וִיהִי־מָ֣ה אָר֔וּץ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ר֑וּץ |
wihi-mah „aruts wayyomer lo ruts |
And-it-will-be_whatever I-will-run and-he-said to-him run |
|
עֻ֥צוּ עֵצָ֖ה וְתֻפָ֑ר |
|
„utsu „etsah wethufar |
|
Advise counsel and-it-will-be-made-ineffectual |
|
Form a plan |
but it will not be carried out |
וְשַֽׁאֲלִי־לוֹ֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה |
wesha’ali-lo „eth-hammelukhah |
And-ask_for-him [dir.obj]_the-kingdom |
Why do you not ask the kingdom for him also? |