Particle Negative¶
Висновок¶
Negative particles are terms that negate some aspect of a sentence, either an indiviподвійне word or an entire phrase.
Визначення¶
אַיִן or אֵין¶
This term is used in verbless clauses to negate an entire clause or sentence. It is sometimes classified as a noun but usually appears in the verbal position of normal word order. Literally, the term is translated in English as «there is no» or «there is not»; but the English translation is often simplified to «is not» (see example below).
אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין עֹ֔וד זוּלָתִ֖י אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים |
„ani yehwah we’en „owd zulathi „en „elohim |
|
I am Йагве, and there is no other; there is no God but me. |
הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל |
hamibbeli „en-„elohim beyisra’el |
For-nothing is-there-no_God in-Israel? |
Is it because there is no God in Israel? |
וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵין־יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּבּ֑וֹר |
wehinneh „en-yosef babbor |
and-behold there-is-no_Joseph in-the-pit |
and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit |
לֹא¶
The word לֹא is the standard negative particle in Biblical Hebrew. This term often negates verbs, but it has potential to negate other kinds of words as well. In English, it is usually translated as «no» or «not». When used with 2nd person imperfect verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a more emphatic command than the use of the negative particle אַל (with an imperfect verb).
לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ |
lo thokhal mimmennu |
not you-eat from-it |
you may not eat from it |
לֹֽא־תָבֹ֥אוּ מִצְרַ֖יִם לָג֥וּר שָֽׁם |
lo-thavo’u mitsrayim lagur sham |
not_you-go Egypt to-sojourn there |
Do not go to Egypt to live there. |
אַל¶
The term אַַל is almost exclusively used to negate verbs; it is also the standard particle used to negate jussive and cohortative verbs. When used with 2nd person imperfect verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a less emphatic command than the use of the negative particle לֹא.
אַל־אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּמ֣וֹת הַיָּ֑לֶד |
„al-„er’eh bemoth hayyaled |
Not_I-will-look in-death-of the-child. |
Let me not look upon the death of the child. |
בִּלְתִּי¶
This term is sometimes used (especially with לְ) to negate infinitive construct verbs, and is usually translated in English as «no» or «not».
Примітка
This term is most often used as a concessive conjunction; a dictionary or lexicon will indicate the specific use of this particle in each indiviподвійне context.
צִוִּיתִ֛יךָ לְבִלְתִּ֥י אֲכָל־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ |
tsiwwithikha leviltiy „akhol-mimmennu |
I-commanded-you to-not eat_from-it |
I commanded you to not eat from it |
בַּל or בְּלִי (sometimes בְּלֹא)¶
These particles are usually used in poetry and carry no special meaning other than to negate a word or concept within a sentence. In English, they are usually translated as «no» or «not».
בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם |
beli nishma“ qolam |
not is-heard their-voice |
their voice is not heard |
בְּלֹ֣א רְא֔וֹת |
belo re’oth |
without seeing |
without seeing |