Person First

Висновок

The перша особа form of a term refers to the person(s) writing or speaking.

Визначення

In English, the перша особа pronouns include: «I», «me», or «my», for однина; and «we», «us», or «our,» for множина. In Biblical Hebrew, terms which are marked for перша особа do not change form according to gender (чоловічий and жіночий), but they do change form according to number (однина or множина). In Biblical Hebrew, verbs, pronouns, and pronominal suffixes can all be marked for перша особа.

Форма

In Biblical Hebrew, a term marked for перша особа can be recognized by a variety of changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other, so it is difficult to sum them up in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a перша особа form.

Paradigm

First Person Qal Suffix Conjugation Forms

Синтаксичний аналіз	Іврит	Транслітерація	Переклад
перша особа common однина	קָטַלְתִּי	qatalti	I killed
перша особа common множина	קָטַלְנוּ	qatalnu	we killed
перша особа common однина	אֶקְטֹל	„eqtol	I will kill
перша особа common множина	נִקְטֹל	niqtol	we will kill

First Person Indepdent Personal Pronoun Forms

Синтаксичний аналіз	Іврит	Транслітерація	Переклад
перша особа common однина	אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי	„ani / „anokhi	I
перша особа common множина	אֲנַחְנוּ	„anahnu	we

First Person Object Pronoun Forms

Синтаксичний аналіз	Іврит	Транслітерація	Переклад
перша особа common однина	אֹתִי	„othi	me
перша особа common множина	אֹתָנוּ	„othanu	us

First Person Pronominal Suffix Forms

Синтаксичний аналіз	Іврит	Транслітерація	Переклад
перша особа common однина	לִי / - ִי	li / -i	(to) me
перша особа common множина	לָנוּ / -נוּ	lanu / - nu	(to) us

Neither English nor Biblical Hebrew distinguish between the inclusive and the exclusive «we». The context will determine which one is meant. See also translationAcademy and translationNotes for help if the context is not clear.

Приклади

Finite verb marked for перша особа

A finite verb (and/or verbal participle) in перша особа form indicates that the subject of the verb is the writer/speaker of the verb.

Приклад: GEN 28:15

עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־עָשִׂ֔יתִי אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ

„ad „asher „im-„asithi „eth „asher-dibbarti lakh

until then when_I-have-done [dir.obj] what_I-have-spoken to-you.

I will do all that I have promised to you.

Personal pronoun marked for перша особа

A перша особа indpendent personal pronoun refers either to the writer/speaker (for однина) or to an entire group to which the writer/speaker belongs (for множина).

Приклад: EXO 6:2

אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה

„ani yehwah

I Йагве.

I am Йагве.

Pronominal suffix marked for перша особа

A перша особа pronominal suffix usually functions either as a personal pronoun (for verbs and prepositions) or as a possessive adjective (for nouns).

As attached to a verb

Приклад: 1SA 17:9

וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֹתָֽנוּ׃

wa’avadtem „othanu

and-you-will-serve [dir.obj]-us.

then you will serve us.

As attached to a noun

Приклад: 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew)

בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י

beni „avshalowm beni veni

My-son Absalom my-son my-son.

My son Absalom, Absalom, my son, my son!

As attached to a preposition

Приклад: ISA 46:9

וְאֶ֥פֶס כָּמֹֽונִי׃

we’efes kamowni

and-none like-me.

and there is no one like me.

Приклад: EXO 19:5

כִּי־לִ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

ki-li kol-ha’arets

for_to-me all_the-earth.

for all the earth is mine.