Verb Cohortative¶
Висновок¶
The cohortative form is used to express indirect commands and other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by the context.
Визначення¶
The Cohortative form looks very similar to the Imperfect but functions in a sentence more like an Imperative. Cohortative verbs appear only in перша особа forms. (Similarly, imperatives appear only in друга особа forms, and Jussive usually appear in третя особа forms.) A Cohortative verb does not carry the full force of a command («We must do this!»), but it conveys a stronger meaning than a simple suggestion or statement of possibilty («We could do this.»). The meaning is somewhere in the middle. In English, a Cohortative is often translated with a helping verb such as «let» or «want» or «will,» depending on the context («Let us do this!» or «I want to do this!»). Thus, the Cohortative verb functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific instance.
Форма¶
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
Qal однина |
אֶקְטֹלָה |
„eqtolah |
let me kill |
Qal множина |
נִקְטֹהלָה |
niqtohlah |
let us kill |
Niphal однина |
אֶקָּטֵלָה |
„eqqatelah |
let me be killed |
Niphal множина |
נִקָּטֵלָה |
niqqatelah |
let us be killed |
Hiphil однина |
אַקְטִילָה |
„aqtilah |
let me cause to kill |
Hiphil множина |
נַקְטִילָה |
naqtilah |
let us cause to kill |
Piel однина |
אֲקַטֵּלָה |
„eqattelah |
let me slaughter |
Piel множина |
נְקַטֵּלָה |
niqattelah |
let us slaughter |
Hithpael однина |
אֶתְקַטֵּלָה |
„ethqattelah |
let me kill myself |
Hithpael множина |
נִתְקַטֵּלָה |
nithqattelah |
let us kill ourselves |
Функція¶
The Cohortative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions:
Indirect commands¶
בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ וְנֵלְכָ֖ה בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה |
beth ya’aqov lekhu wenelekhah be’or yehwah |
House-of Jacob come and-let-us-walk in-light-of Йагве. |
House of Jacob, come, and let us walk in the light of Йагве. |
Дії більшої чи меншої бажаності¶
These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc.
אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה |
„elekhah na“ we’akkeh „eth-yishma’el ben-nethanyah |
Let-me-go oh and-I-will-kill [dir.obj]_Ishmael son-of_Nethaniah |
Allow me to go kill Ishmael son of Nethaniah. |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אָסֻֽרָה־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה |
wayyomer mosheh „asurah-nna we’er’eh |
And-he-said Moses let-me-turn-aside_oh and-let-me-see |
Moses said, «I will turn aside and see» |
אֱלֹהַ֗י בְּךָ֣ בָ֭טַחְתִּי אַל־אֵב֑וֹשָׁה |
„elohay bekha vatahti „al-„evoshah |
My-God in-you I-trust not_let-me-be-ashamed |
My God, I trust in you. Do not let me be humiliated |