Pronoun Demonstrative¶

Висновок¶

A demonstrative pronoun refers to a specific person(s) or thing(s) in particular. In English, the following words are demonstrative pronouns: «this», «that», «these», «those».

Визначення¶

In Biblical Hebrew, demonstrative pronouns can function either as nouns or adjectives. Demonstrative pronouns can change form according to gender (чоловічий or жіночий) and number (однина or множина) but NOT according to person (i.e. first, second, or third person).

Форма¶

Paradigm¶

Demonstrative Pronoun Paradigm¶
Синтаксичний аналіз	Іврит	Транслітерація	Переклад
чоловічий однина near	(or זֶה (זֹה / זֹו	zeh (or zow / zoh)	this
жіночий однина near	זֹאת	zoth	this
чоловічий однина far	הוּא	hu	that
жіночий однина far	הִיא	hi	that
common множина near	אֵלֶּה	„elleh	these
чоловічий множина far	הֵם / הֵמָּה	hemmah / hem	those
жіночий множина far	הֵנָּה	hennah	those

Примітка

The «far» demonstrative pronouns are identical to certain personal pronouns and must be distinguished by the context.

Функція¶

As a noun ¶

Приклад: JDG 7:4¶
וְהָיָ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יךָ זֶ֣ה ׀ יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֗ךְ ה֚וּא יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֔ךְ
wehayah „asher „omar „eleykha zeh yelekh „ittakh hu yelekh „ittakh
And-it-is that I-will-say to-you this will-go with-you that will-go with-you
If I say to you, «This one will go with you,» he will go with you

Reciprocal¶

Demonstrative pronouns can be used to distinguish indiviподвійнеs within a group interacting with each other.

Приклад: ISA 6:3¶
וְקָרָ֨א זֶ֤ה אֶל־זֶה֙
weqara zeh „el-zeh
And-it-called this to_this
And each one called to another

Apposition to a noun¶

Приклад: GEN 27:21¶
הַֽאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֛ה בְּנִ֥י
ha’attah zeh beni
the-you this my-son
you are my true son

As an adjective ¶

as an attributive adjective¶

When used as an attributive adjective, a demonstrative pronoun often follows the noun, and both terms can take the definite article. Sometimes neither the noun nor the demonstrative pronoun takes the definite article. In either case, the demonstrative pronoun makes the described noun definite.

Приклад: ISA 18:23¶
הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה
haddevarim ha’elleh
the-words the-these
these words

Приклад: JOS 2:20¶
דְּבָרֵ֣נוּ זֶ֑ה
devarenu zeh
our-business this
this business of ours

Приклад: 1KI 19:5¶
וְהִנֵּֽה־זֶ֤ה מַלְאָךְ֙
wehinneh-zeh mal’akh
And-behold this angel
Suddenly an angel

as a Predicative adjective¶

Приклад: JDG 4:14¶
זֶ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙
zeh hayyom
this the-day
this is the day

As a relative particle ¶

Приклад: PSA 74:2¶
הַר־צִ֝יֹּ֗ון זֶ֤ה׀ שָׁכַ֬נְתָּ בֹּֽו׃
har-tsiyyown zeh shakhanta bow
Mount_Zion this you-lived in-it.
Mount Zion, where you live.

Приклад: PSA 104:26¶
לִ֝וְיָתָ֗ן זֶֽה־יָצַ֥רְתָּ
liwyathan zeh-yatsarta
Leviathan this_you-formed
Leviathan, which you formed

Приклад: GEN 47:6¶
אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ הִ֔וא
„erets mitsrayim lefaneykha hiw
Land-of Egypt to-your-face that
The land of Egypt is before you