Verb Sequential Imperfect¶
Висновок¶
A Sequential Imperfect verb functions generally like a verb with Perfect conjugation, but it also connects to an earlier verb to form either a sequence of time or a sequence of thought.
Визначення¶
The Sequential Imperfect conjugation of a verb looks similar to the normal Imperfect verb, but it is a separate verbal form and must be treated as such. A Sequential Imperfect verb does not function like a normal Imperfect verb, but it functions similar to a Perfect verb. The difference is an added sense of being connected to an earlier verb to form a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. In Hebrew narratives, the Sequential Imperfect conjugation also serves the function of controlling the flow of a story and often occurs at the beginning of a sentence.
The endings of the Sequential Imperfect conjugation are the same as the normal Imperfect conjugation but the sequential form also has an extra prefix, which is a specialized form of the conjunction. The difference between the Sequential Imperfect and the normal Imperfect conjugation with the conjunction is in the vowel pattern. The normal Imperfect conjugation with the conjunction looks exactly like what one would expect: a normal conjunction (וְ) is added to the beginning of a normal Imperfect verb (יִקְטֹל) to make a single word (וְיִקְטֹל). However, the Sequential Imperfect conjugation looks different (וַיִּקְטֹל). In contrast to the normal Imperfect conjugation with the conjunction, the Sequential Imperfect conjugation usually contains (1) a vowel (usually pathach) under the conjunction instead of the shewa, and (2) a daghesh in the prefix consonant of the verbal form (see table below).
Verbal root |
Imperfect conjugation + conjunction (וְ) |
Sequential Imperfect conjugation |
כתב |
וְיִכְתֹּב |
וַיִּכְתֹּב |
פעל |
וְיִפְעַל |
וַיִּפְעַל |
קרא |
וְיִקְרָא |
וַיִּקְרָא |
Форма¶
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וַיִּקְטֹל |
wayyiqtol |
(and) he killed |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וַתִּקְטֹל |
wattiqtol |
(and) she killed |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וַתִּקְטֹל |
wattiqtol |
(and) you killed |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וַתִּקְטְלִי |
wattiqteli |
(and) you killed |
common однина перша особа |
וָאֶקְטֹל |
wa’eqtol |
(and) I killed |
чоловічий множина третя особа |
וַיִקְטְלוּ |
wayiqtelu |
(and) they killed |
жіночий множина третя особа |
וַתִּקְטֹלְנָה |
wattiqtolenah |
(and) they killed |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וַתִּקְטְלוּ |
wattiqtelu |
(and) you killed |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וַתִּקְטֹלְנָה |
wattiqtolenah |
(and) you killed |
common множина перша особа |
וַנִּקְטֹל |
wanniqtol |
(and) we killed |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וַיִּקָּטֵל |
wayyiqqatel |
(and) he was killed |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וַתִּקָּטֵל |
wattiqqatel |
(and) she was killed |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וַתִּקָּטֵל |
wattiqqatel |
(and) you were killed |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וַתִּקָּטְלִי |
wattiqqatli |
(and) you were killed |
common однина перша особа |
וָאֶקָּטֵל |
wa’eqqatel |
(and) I was killed |
чоловічий множина третя особа |
וַיִּקָּטְלוּ |
wayyiqqatlu |
(and) they were killed |
жіночий множина третя особа |
וַתִּקָּטַלְנָה |
wattiqqatalnah |
(and) they were killed |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וַתִּקָּטְלוּ |
wattiqqatlu |
(and) you were killed |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וַתִּקָּטַלְנָה |
wattiqqatalnah |
(and) you were killed |
common множина перша особа |
וַנִּקָּטֵל |
wanniqqatel |
(and) we were killed |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וַיַּקְטֵל |
wayyaqtil |
(and) he caused to kill |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וַתַּקְטֵל |
wattaqtil |
(and) she caused to kill |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וַתַּקְטֵל |
wattaqtil |
(and) you caused to kill |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וַתַּקְטִילִי |
wattaqtili |
(and) you caused to kill |
common однина перша особа |
וָאַקְטֵל |
wa’aqtil |
(and) I caused to kill |
чоловічий множина третя особа |
וַיַּקְטִילוּ |
wayyaqtilu |
(and) they caused to kill |
жіночий множина третя особа |
וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה |
wattaqtelenah |
(and) they caused to kill |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וַתַּקְטִילוּ |
wattaqtilu |
(and) you caused to kill |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה |
wattaqtelenah |
(and) you caused to kill |
common множина перша особа |
וַנַּקְטֵל |
wannaqtil |
(and) we caused to kill |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וַיָּקְטַל |
wayyoqtal |
(and) he was caused to kill |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וַתָּקְטַל |
wattoqtal |
(and) whe was caused to kill |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וַתָּקְטַל |
wattoqtal |
(and) you were caused to kill |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וַתָּקְטְלִי |
wattoqteli |
(and) you were caused to kill |
common однина перша особа |
וָאָקְטַל |
wa’oqtal |
(and) I was caused to kill |
чоловічий множина третя особа |
וַיָּקְטְלוּ |
wayyoqtelu |
(and) they were caused to kill |
жіночий множина третя особа |
וַתָּקְטַלְנָה |
wattoqtalnah |
(and) they were caused to kill |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וַתָּקְטְלוּ |
wattoqtelu |
(and) you were caused to kill |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וַתָּקְטַלְנָה |
wattoqtalnah |
(and) you were caused to kill |
common множина перша особа |
וַנָּקְטַל |
wannoqtal |
(and) we were caused to kill |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וַיְּקַטֵּל |
wayyeqattel |
(and) he slaughtered |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וַתְּקַטֵּל |
watteqattel |
(and) she slaughtered |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וַתְּקַטֵּל |
watteqattel |
(and) you slaughtered |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וַתְּקַטְּלִי |
watteqatteli |
(and) you slaughtered |
common однина перша особа |
וָאֲקַטֵּל |
wa’eqattel |
(and) I slaughtered |
чоловічий множина третя особа |
וַיְּקַטְּלוּ |
wayyeqattelu |
(and) they slaughtered |
жіночий множина третя особа |
וַתְּקַטַּלְנָה |
watteqattelnah |
(and) they slaughtered |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וַתְּקַטְּלוּ |
watteqattelu |
(and) you slaughtered |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וַתְּקַטַּלְנָה |
watteqattelnah |
(and) you slaughtered |
common множина перша особа |
וַנְּקַטֵּל |
wanneqattel |
(and) we slaughtered |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וַיְּקֻטַּל |
wayyequttal |
(and) he was slaughtered |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וַתְּקֻטַּל |
wattequttal |
(and) she was slaughtered |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וַתְּקֻטַּל |
wattequttal |
(and) you were slaughtered |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וַתְּקֻטְּלִי |
wattequtteli |
(and) you were slaughtered |
common однина перша особа |
וָאֲקֻטַּל |
wa’aquttal |
(and) I was slaughtered |
чоловічий множина третя особа |
וַיְּקֻטְּלוּ |
wayyequttelu |
(and) they were slaughtered |
жіночий множина третя особа |
וַתְּקֻטַּלְנָה |
wattequttalnah |
(and) they were slaughtered |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וַתְּקֻטְּלוּ |
wattequttelu |
(and) you were slaughtered |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וַתְּקֻטַּלְנָה |
wattequttalnah |
(and) you were slaughtered |
common множина перша особа |
וַנְּקֻטַּל |
wannequttal |
(and) we were slaughtered |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וַיְּתְקַטֵּל |
wayyithqattel |
(and) he killed himself |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וַתִּתְקַטֵּל |
wattithqattel |
(and) she killed herself |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וַתִּתְקַטֵּל |
wattithqattel |
(and) you killed yourself |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וַתִּתְקַטְּלִי |
wattithqatteli |
(and) you killed yourself |
common однина перша особа |
וָאֶתְקַטֵּל |
wa’ethqattel |
(and) I killed myself |
чоловічий множина третя особа |
וַיְּתְקַטְּלוּ |
wayyithqattelu |
(and) they killed themselves |
жіночий множина третя особа |
וַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה |
wattithqattelnah |
(and) they killed themselves |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וַתִּתְקַטְּלוּ |
wattithqattelu |
(and) you killed yourselves |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וַתִּתְקַטֵּלְנָה |
wattithqattelnah |
(and) you killed yourselves |
common множина перша особа |
וַנְּתְקַטֵּל |
wannithqattel |
(and) we killed ourselves |
Функція¶
The Sequential Imperfect conjugation indicates any one of these kinds of verbal actions:
Completed actions, or actions in the past¶
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם |
wayyomer yehwah „el-„avram |
and-he-said Йагве to_Abram |
Now Йагве said to Abram |
וַיַּעַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם |
wayya’al „avram mimmitsrayim |
and-he-went-up Abram from-Egypt |
So Abram went up from Egypt |
Stative actions¶
This kind of action describes a state or condition, often (but not always) with a passive stem formation.
וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְרָהָ֖ם בִּבְאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע |
wayyeshev „avraham biv’er shava“ |
and-he-remained Abraham in-Beer Sheba |
and Abraham lived at Beersheba. |
וַיִּגְדַּ֥ל הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל |
wayyigdal hayyeled wayyiggamal |
And-he-grew the-child and-he-was-weaned |
The child grew and was weaned |
Actions that are paired together in a sentence (often with the verb היה)¶
וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים |
wayhi hayyom wayyavo’u bene ha’elohim |
and-it-came the-day and-they-went sons-of the-God |
And then came the day when the sons of God came |
וַיָּ֨קָם אֲדֹנֶ֜יהָ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּפְתַּח֙ דַּלְת֣וֹת הַבַּ֔יִת |
wayyaqom „adoneyha babboqer wayyiftah dalthoth habbayith |
|
|
וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָם֮ אֱלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָהֶ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים |
wayvarekh „otham „elohim wayyomer lahem „elohim |
And-he-blessed them God and-he-said to-them God |
God blessed them and God said to them |