Verb Sequential Perfect¶
Висновок¶
A Sequential Perfect verb often expresses the same kinds of action as the Imperfect conjugation, but it also connects to an earlier verb to form either a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. However, in Biblical Hebrew a Sequential Perfect verb has an additional and unique potential to express the same kind of action as the verb immediately preceding it.
Визначення¶
The Sequential Perfect conjugation looks very similar to the normal Perfect form, but it is a separate verbal form and must be treated as such. The Sequential Perfect conjugation takes the same verbal endings as the normal Perfect conjugation but includes the conjunction waw (וְ «and») as a prefix. A Sequential Perfect verb does not function like a normal Perfect conjugation verb. Rather, it functions more like an Imperfect verb, because it often appears in a series following a clause with an Imperfect verb.
Примітка
The Sequential Pefect conjugation has an additional function that is unique among all verbal conjugations in Biblical Hebrew. A Sequential Verb often, but not always, expresses the same kind of action as the preceding verb. This is often the case when a Sequential Perfect verbs are used to express a sequence of incomplete actions, a sequence of imperatives, or a sequence of verbal actions expressing possibility or desirability.
There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Perfect conjugation, (2) the Perfect copulative, and (3) the normal Imperfect conjugation with the conjunction. (1) and (2) have an identical form, including the vocalization, so the reader must determine from the context which one is being used in any given instance. (1) is also different than (3), although they can have similar meanings. The Sequential Perfect conjugation ((1) above) forms a sequence with the verb in the clause before it, but the normal Imperfect conjugation ((3) above) with the conjunction does not.
Форма¶
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וְקָטַל |
weqatal |
(and) he will kill |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וְקָטְלָה |
weqatlah |
(and) she will kill |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וְקָטַלְתָּ |
weqatalta |
(and) you will kill |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וְקָטַלְתְּ |
weqatalt |
(and) you will kill |
common однина перша особа |
וְקָטַלְתִּי |
weqatalti |
(and) I will kill |
common множина третя особа |
וְקָטְלוּ |
weqatlu |
(and) they will kill |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וּקְטַלְתֶּם |
uqetaltem |
(and) you will kill |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וּקְטַלְתֶּן |
uqetalten |
(and) you will kill |
common множина перша особа |
וְקָטַלְנוּ |
weqatalnu |
(and) we will kill |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וְנִקְטַל |
weniqtal |
(and) he will be killed |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וְנִקְטְלָה |
weniqtelah |
(and) she will be killed |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וְנִקְטַלְתָּ |
weniqtalta |
(and) you will be killed |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וְנִקְטַלְתְּ |
weniqtalt |
(and) you will be killed |
common однина перша особа |
וְנִקְטַלְתִּי |
weniqtalti |
(and) I will be killed |
common множина третя особа |
וְנִקְטְלוּ |
weniqtelu |
(and) they will be killed |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וְנִקְטַלְתֶּם |
weniqtaltem |
(and) you will be killed |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וְנִקְטַלְתֶּן |
weniqtalten |
(and) you will be killed |
common множина перша особа |
וְנִקְטַלְתֶּנוּ |
weniqtaltenu |
(and) we will be killed |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וְהִקְטִיל |
wehiqtil |
(and) he will cause to kill |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וְהִקְטִילָה |
wehiqtilah |
(and) she will cause to kill |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וְהִקְטַלְתָּ |
wehiqtalta |
(and) you will cause to kill |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וְהִקְטַלְתְּ |
wehiqtalt |
(and) you will cause to kill |
common однина перша особа |
וְהִקְטַלְתִּי |
wehiqtalti |
(and) I will cause to kill |
common множина третя особа |
וְהִקְטִילוּ |
wehiqtilu |
(and) they will cause to kill |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וְהִקְטַלְתֶּם |
wehiqtaltem |
(and) you will cause to kill |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וְהִקְטַלְתֶּן |
wehiqtalten |
(and) you will cause to kill |
common множина перша особа |
וְהִקְטַלְנוּ |
wehiqtalnu |
(and) we will cause to kill |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וְהָקְטַל |
wehoqtal |
(and) he will be caused to kill |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וְהָקְטְלָה |
wehoqtelah |
(and) she will be caused to kill |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וְהָקְטַלְתָּ |
wehoqtalta |
(and) you will be caused to kill |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וְהָקְטַלְתְּ |
wehoqtalt |
(and) you will be caused to kill |
common однина перша особа |
וְהָקְטַלְתִּי |
wehoqtalti |
(and) I will be caused to kill |
common множина третя особа |
וְהָקְטְלוּ |
wehoqtelu |
(and) they will be caused to kill |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וְהָקְטַלְתֶּם |
wehoqtaltem |
(and) you will be caused to kill |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וְהָקְטַלְתֶּן |
wehoqtalten |
(and) you will be caused to kill |
common множина перша особа |
וְהָקְטַלְנוּ |
wehoqtalnu |
(and) we will be caused to kill |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וְקִטֵּל / וְקִטַּל |
weqittel / weqittal |
(and) he will slaughter |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וְקִטְּלָה |
weqittelah |
(and) she will slaughter |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וְקִטַּלְתָּ |
weqittalta |
(and) you will slaughter |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וְקִטַּלְתְּ |
weqittalt |
(and) you will slaughter |
common однина перша особа |
וְקִטַּלְתִּי |
weqittalti |
(and) I will slaughter |
common множина третя особа |
וְקִטְּלוּ |
weqittelu |
(and) they will slaughter |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וְקִטַּלְתֶּם |
weqittaltem |
(and) you will slaughter |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וְקִטַּלְתֶּן |
weqittalten |
(and) you will slaughter |
common множина перша особа |
וְקִטַּלְנוּ |
weqittalnu |
(and) we will slaughter |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וְקֻטַּל |
wequttal |
(and) he will be slaughtered |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וְקֻטְּלָה |
wequttelah |
(and) she will be slaughtered |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וְקֻטַּלְתָּ |
wequttalta |
(and) you will be slaughtered |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וְקֻטַּלְתְּ |
wequttalt |
(and) you will be slaughtered |
common однина перша особа |
וְקֻטַּלְתִּי |
wequttalti |
(and) I will be slaughtered |
common множина третя особа |
וְקֻטְּלוּ |
wequttelu |
(and) they will be slaughtered |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וְקֻטַּלְתֶּם |
wequttaltem |
(and) you will be slaughtered |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וְקֻטַּלְתֶּן |
wequttalten |
(and) you will be slaughtered |
common множина перша особа |
וְקֻטַּלְנוּ |
wequttalnu |
(and) we will be slaughtered |
Синтаксичний аналіз |
Іврит |
Транслітерація |
Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
чоловічий однина третя особа |
וְהִתְקַטֵּל |
wehithqattal |
(and) he will kill himself |
жіночий однина третя особа |
וְהִתְקַטְּלָה |
wehithqattelah |
(and) she will kill herself |
чоловічий однина друга особа |
וְהִתְקַטַּלְתָּ |
wehithqattalta |
(and) you will kill yourself |
жіночий однина друга особа |
וְהִתְקַטַּלְתְּ |
wehithqattalt |
(and) you will kill yourself |
common однина перша особа |
וְהִתְקַטַּלְתִּי |
wehithqattalti |
(and) I will kill myself |
common множина третя особа |
וְהִתְקַטְּלוּ |
wehithqattelu |
(and) they will kill themselves |
чоловічий множина друга особа |
וְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּם |
wehithqattaltem |
(and) you will kill yourselves |
жіночий множина друга особа |
וְהִתְקַטַּלְתֶּן |
wehithqattalten |
(and) you will kill yourselves |
common множина перша особа |
וְהִתְקַטַּלְנוּ |
wehithqattalnu |
(and) we will kill ourselves |
Функція¶
The Sequential Perfect conjugation can indicate any one of many different kinds of actions:
Incomplete actions, in present or future time¶
וְהִצַּ֣תִּי אֵ֗שׁ בְּבָתֵּי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מִצְרַ֔יִם |
wehitsatti „esh bevottey „elohe mitsrayim |
and-I-will-kindle fire in-houses-of gods-of Egypt |
Then I will light a fire in the temples of Egypt’s gods. |
In poetry it can take on a variety of functions, here it clearly continues the previous Imperfect. It expresses an habitual action that is not (never) completed.
בַּ֭בֹּקֶר יָצִ֣יץ וְחָלָ֑ף לָ֝עֶ֗רֶב יְמוֹלֵ֥ל וְיָבֵֽשׁ׃ |
babboqer yatsits wehalaf la’erev yemolel weyavesh |
in-the-morning it-blossoms and-it-renews at-the-evening it-withers and-it-dries |
In the morning it blooms and grows up; in the evening it withers and dries up. |
Часті або тривалі дії¶
These may be in past time, present time, future time, or without a specified timeframe.
וַיִּרְא֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־אַשְׁדּ֖וֹד כִּֽי־כֵ֑ן וְאָמְר֗וּ |
wayyir’u „anshe-„ashdod ki-khen we’omru |
and-they-saw men-of_Ashdod that_thus and-they-were-saying |
When the men of Ashdod realized what was happening, they said |
Direct or indirect commands¶
In the following example, the Sequential Perfect conjugation is translated with imperative meaning.
לֵ֤ךְ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ אֶל־עַבְדִּ֣י אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד |
lekh we’amarta „el-„avdi „el-dawid |
go and-say to_my-servant to_David |
Go and tell David my servant |
In the following example, the Sequential Perfect conjugation is translated with jussive meaning.
וְהָיָ֥ה לְעֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ |
wehayah le’ed beni uvenekha |
and-let-it-be for-a-witness between-me and-between-you |
and let it be for a witness between you and me. |
Imaginary, possible, or conditional actions¶
|
wekhi-yakkeh „ish „eth-„avdo „o „eth-„amatho bashevet umeth |
|
|
Дії більшої чи меншої бажаності¶
These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc.
In the following example, the Sequential Perfect conjugation is translated with cohortative meaning.
אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙ וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים |
„alaqotah-nna“ we’asafti vo’omarim |
let-me-glean_oh and-let-me-gather among-the-reapers |
Please let me glean and gather after the reapers. |